Electronic power steering (EPS) has become an everyday feature in today’s vehicles. Traditionally motorists have been faced with two options when it comes to the choice of power steering – electronic or hydraulic. Both have been available for many years, but EPS has become more common and we receive a lot of inquiries from Members wanting to know how it all works.
EPS explained
EPS typically uses a conventional rack and pinion set up. It’s controlled by the vehicle’s on-board computer and information from the steering sensors is received by the computer to determine the amount of assistance that’s needed by the driver. The electronic motor, which is coupled to the rack or steering column, helps the driver to steer the vehicle when parking and cornering.
EPS vs hydraulic power steering
Before EPS was introduced, hydraulic power steering was the most common form of assisted steering. While some used vehicles still use this system, it’s not without its shortcomings.
Over a period of time, hydraulic components can start to leak. And, because it relies on fluids that need to be changed, hydraulic power steering will require more servicing than EPS systems.
The hydraulic pumps in this steering system also continuously run, so contribute towards additional fuel costs.
Unlike hydraulic power steering, EPS offers potential fuel savings as the electric current is only used when required. When driving on a straight direct route, there is little load on the engine, which is great for cars with a small engine as more focus can be placed upon acceleration.
EPS and Lane Keep Assist (LKA)
While there are many pros that come with owning a car with EPS, in many cases – particularly in the new car market – it’s actually a must-have because driver assist technologies wouldn’t be able to function without it.
Vehicles in today’s market are commonly equipped with Lane Keep Assist (LKA), but did you know that information from the EPS system is what helps this feature to function? Information is shared between these two systems contributing to small adjustments to the steering that help the driver to remain in their lane.
EPS and Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
ESC is another safety system that uses information gathered from the EPS to operate. In a situation where the driver has lost control of the vehicle, the ESC system collects information from the steering angle and torque sensors to apply the brake and throttle, in order to help the driver to regain control of the vehicle.
It becomes easy to understand why EPS is overtaking hydraulic power steering. What started out as a more efficient way to save on fuel and reduce engine loads, has now become a necessity in some vehicles to allow the latest safety technologies to function.